Primary Sources
Expelling the Turks from Bulgaria
Description
The ethnic Turks living in Bulgaria had faced discrimination throughout Bulgaria's history. In May 1989, there were a series of peaceful demonstrations staged by the Turkish minority; in some cases, entire villages joined the protests. They protested for the rights to have their Turkish names restored or to be able to receive an education free from discrimination. While each of these protests was quickly ended with police force and promises of improved rights, in the weeks that followed thousands of Turks were arrested and expelled from Bulgaria. In this account, a student is expelled because of her participation in a demonstration in May. Typically, Bulgarian authorities would only expel one member of a family, which created numerous difficulties for the expelled person sent to Turkey without any support or connections. By October 1989, more than 300,000 Bulgarian Turks were forced to leave their country, bringing increasing international pressure on the Bulgarian government for its ongoing human rights' violations.
Source
Fatma Somersan, interview by Ted Zang, Istanbul (June 8, 1989), “Destroying Ethnic Identity: The Explusion of the Bulgarian Turks,” Helsinki Watch Report, October 1989, Human Rights Watch, HRW (accessed June 25, 2008).
Primary Source—Excerpt
Testimony of Fatma Somersan
Fatma Somersan, a 22-year-old physics student, was expelled on June 5 because she had actively participated in a demonstration on May 24. On the morning of June 5, she was summoned to the mayor's office where she was told that she had to leave the country that same day. The authorities told her:
"Go to Turkey. Now that you have participated in the demonstration, see what it is really like in Turkey." She was forced to leave the country alone; her 24-year-old brother and parents remain in Bulgaria. Miss Somersan was one of 48 Turks from Orliak to be expelled; she estimated that her village has a population of 850 families. Each Turk who was expelled came from a different family. They were able to take out few personal belongings. Miss Somersan was allowed one bag. She was given one hour to pack and say good-bye to her family. Her cousin packed the bag while she spent the hour with her parents. Neither she nor her parents cried when they parted because she told them that she would continue to work for the rights of ethnic Turks in Turkey, and her parents were proud of her. (Interview in Istanbul, June 8, 1989).